Breast changes are common, and it's natural to worry when you notice a new lump or other abnormality. Two common breast conditions are breast cysts and breast cancer. While both can cause concern, it's important to understand the differences between them.
Breast Cysts
Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in breast tissue. They are often tender, especially before or during menstruation. Cysts can vary in size and can feel round or oval.Causes of Breast Cysts:
Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormonal changes, particularly during the menstrual cycle, can influence cyst development. Fibrocystic Breast Changes: This condition, characterized by lumpy or tender breasts, often involves the formation of cysts.Symptoms of Breast Cysts:
Pain or Tenderness: Cysts can be painful, especially before or during menstruation. Lumps: You may feel round or oval lumps in your breast. Nipple Discharge: In some cases, cysts may cause nipple discharge.Diagnosis of Breast Cysts:
To diagnose a breast cyst, your healthcare provider may perform a physical exam and imaging tests, such as:- Ultrasound: This non-invasive test uses sound waves to create images of breast tissue.
- Mammogram: This X-ray of the breast can help distinguish between solid masses and fluid-filled cysts.
Treatment of Breast Cysts:
In most cases, breast cysts don't require treatment. However, if they are painful or bothersome, your doctor may recommend:- Pain Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate discomfort.
- Warm Compresses: Applying warm compresses to the affected area can reduce pain and inflammation.
- Aspiration: In some cases, your doctor may use a needle to drain the fluid from the cyst.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a serious disease that develops when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably. Unlike cysts, breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body.Symptoms of Breast Cancer:
- New Lump in the Breast or Armpit: This is the most common symptom of breast cancer.
- Nipple Discharge: Nipple discharge, especially if it's bloody or clear, can be a sign of breast cancer.
- Nipple Retraction: The nipple may turn inward or appear sunken.
- Skin Changes: The skin over the breast may become dimpled, puckered, or inflamed.
- Pain in the Breast or Nipple: Breast or nipple pain can be a symptom of breast cancer, but it's less common.
Diagnosis of Breast Cancer:
If your doctor suspects breast cancer, they may recommend additional tests, such as:- Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue for laboratory analysis.
- MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging can provide detailed images of breast tissue.
Treatment of Breast Cancer:
Treatment for breast cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer. Common treatments include:- Surgery: Surgical removal of the cancerous tumour and surrounding tissue.
- Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body.
- Hormone Therapy: Blocking the effects of hormones that fuel cancer growth.
- Targeted Therapy: Using drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth.